Each of these systems presented a different execution problem, and each required a different decision. What follows is what the work involved and what the evidence supports.

Featured case
CLINICAL DOCUMENTATION
A clinical team's documentation was consuming time and interrupting the consultation itself.
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A mental health platform had become slow and difficult to use for the people who depended on it daily.

Review effort was spread evenly across documents regardless of which ones could change the outcome.
These cases are not three versions of one lesson. The constraint was different each time, and so was the decision that mattered.
What these share is not a pattern in the systems. It is a discipline: identifying the real constraint before committing to build.
Validation is where that clarity comes from.
Start with Validation